Zoetrope

Zoetrope

The Zoetrope was invented in 1834 by William George Horner. The Zoetrope consists of a cylinder shaped object with pictures around the inside of it. When the cylinder is spun the images appear to move and can be seen through slits in the cylinder. 

Advantages of the Zoetrope:

End result is interesting

Fun to play with

Disadvantages of the Zoetrope:

Somewhat difficult to make

Some well known examples of a Zoetrope are a person riding a horse and a person running, which are both shown as images below.

Below is a video about a Zoetrope

Cel Animation

Cel Animation

A cel is a sheet of transparent cellulose acetate used as a medium for painting animation frames. The reason it is transparent is so the pages can be laid on top of each other to create different layers and backgrounds. the movement of the characters is then made by taking pictures and slightly moving the main object. 

Advantages to using Cel Animation

You do not have to keep redrawing the background.

The background does not shake as much because it's the exact same.

Disadvantages of using Cel Animation

It can be quite costly depending on how many frames you create.

It can also be very time consuming depending on how many frames you create.

The inventors of Cel Animation are Earl Hurd and John Bray in 1910 and the year it was first used was 1914

 Two well known examples of Cel Animation are The Simpsons and Beavis and Butt-Head.

Below are Two examples of cell animation.

Stop-Motion

Stop-motion

Stop motion consist of a person taking pictures of an object then moving it slightly and repeating this process until they have multiple pictures. these pictures are then put together and the image appears to be moving. Objects in stop motion can be almost anything because the multiple pictures make any object look like it's moving.

advantages of stop motion.

-can use any object when creating a stop motion

-stop motion can be cheap to make

disadvantages of stop motion

-time consuming

-some artistic skill needed

The inventor of stop motion is James Stuart Blackton and the first time it was used was in 1896. A well known example of a stop motion video is Wallace and Gromit and another is Chicken Run.

Below are a few examples of stop motion films.

Thaumatrope

Thaumatrope

A Thaumatrope is a Victorian toy made from card (mostly in the shape of a circle) with two pieces of string attached to each side. Each side of the card has a picture on it and when the string is spun quickly the images look as if they are one.

The Thaumatrope was invented by John Ayrton Paris (1785 – 1856), in 1825, who was an English Physician. Two well known examples of a Thaumatrope is the example of a bird in a cage and a person riding a horse which are both shown below.

Advantages of the Thaumatrope:

Easy to make

Not much artistic skill needed

Disadvantages of the Thaumatrope:

Very basic

Below is an example of a thaumatrope shown in a video